The Uses of X/Twitter by Members of the TESOL Community

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28495

Keywords:

Researchers’ and practitioners’ uses of Twitter, affinity spaces, community of practice, social media, X

Abstract

A lack of dialogue and collaboration between researchers and practitioners has been recognized in the field of second language education. Social media platforms such as X/Twitter have potential for connecting professionals in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) community and supporting professional learning and research; however, studies of TESOL professionals’ uses of X/Twitter have only examined posts/tweets from a limited number of communities marked by hashtags/ keywords. This study identifies 23 hashtags relevant to TESOL instruction for adults in the Canadian context and used them as search parameters to extract a data set of 4,833 posts/tweets. Eighty-two North American university professors who had published in the field of TESOL, were selected and searched for on X/Twitter. Upon locating 15 X/Twitter professor accounts, all 272 posts/tweets posted over the one-year period, were extracted. Two content analyses were conducted to infer the purpose of the posts/ tweets and identify the hashtags used by the professors. Results reveal considerable variation in the professors’ and other TESOL community members’ uses of X/Twitter and suggest that the two groups participate in rather separate X/Twitter communities. Recommendations for maximizing X/Twitter as a tool for professional learning and research and fostering the research-practice link are provided.

Author Biographies

Kent K. Lee, University of Alberta

Kent K. Lee is an associate professor in the Teaching English as a Second Language Graduate Program in the Faculty of Education at the University of Alberta, Canada.

Marilyn L. Abbott, University of Alberta

Marilyn L. Abbott is a professor in the Teaching English as a Second Language Graduate Program in the Faculty of Education at the University of Alberta, Canada.

Shiran Wang, University of Alberta

Shiran Wang is a graduate of the Teaching English as a Second Language Master’s Program, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada.

Jacob Lang, University of Alberta

Jacob Lang is a graduate of the Teaching English as a Second Language Master’s Program, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Canada.

References

Abbott, M. L., & Lee, K. K. (2022). Researcher-supported professional learning and development for instructors in adult L2 programs: Factors leading to ongoing communities of practice. The Modern Language Journal, 106, 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12793.

Abbott, M. L., Lee, K. K., & Rossiter, M. J. (2017). Enhancing the impact of evidence-based publications on K-12 ESL teacher practices. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 63(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.11575/ajer.v63i2.56349

Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/

Awan, I., Carter, P., Sutch, H., & Lally, H. (2023). Online extremism and Islamophobic language and sentiment when discussing the COVID-19 pandemic and misinformation on Twitter. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 46(7), 1407–1436. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2022.2146449

Bartosik, A. M. (2022). Learning to stay ahead of the curve: A netographic analysis of professional development in English language teacher chats on Twitter [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. TSpace Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/1807/123569

Beach, P., Favret, E., & Minuk, A. (2021). Online teacher professional development in Canada: A review of the research. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 47(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt27948

Bret Staudt Willet, K. (2024). Early career teachers’ expansion of professional learning networks with social media. Professional Development in Education, 50(2), 386–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2178481

Bret Staudt Willet, K., & Carpenter, J. P. (2020). Teachers on Reddit? Exploring contributions and interactions in four teaching-related subreddits. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 52(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1722978

Carr, C. T., & Hayes, R. A. (2015). Social media: Defining, developing, and divining. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 23(1), 46–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.972282

Carpenter, J., Tani, T., Morrison, S., & Keane, J. (2020). Exploring the landscape of educator professional activity on Twitter: An analysis of 16 education-related Twitter hashtags. Professional Development in Education, 48(5), 784–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2020.1752287

Carpenter, J. P., & Krutka, D. G. (2014). How and why educators use Twitter: A survey of the field. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 46(4) 414–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2014.925701

Carpenter, J. P., & Krutka, D. G. (2015). Engagement through microblogging: Educator professional development via Twitter. Professional Development in Education, 41(4), 707–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.939294

Davis, K. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions of Twitter for professional development. Disability and Rehabilitation, 37(17), 1551–1558. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1052576

Dixon, S. (2024, January 10). Social media usage in Canada - Statistics & facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/2729/social-networking-in-canada/#dossier-chapter1

Donelan, H. (2016). Social media for professional development and networking opportunities in academia. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 40(5), 706–729, https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2015.1014321

Gee, J. P. (2004). Situated language and learning. Routledge.

Government of Canada. (2022). Tri-council policy statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans TCPS2 2022. https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/documents/tcps2-2022-en.pdf

Greenhalgh, S. P., & Koehler, M. J. (2017). 28 days later: Twitter hashtags as “just in time” teacher professional development. TechTrends, 61, 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-016-0142-4

Greenhow, C., Li, J., & Mai, M. (2019). From tweeting to meeting: Expansive professional learning and the academic conference backchannel. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1656–1672. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12817

Hanson-Smith, E. (2016). Teacher education and technology. In F. Farr & L. Murray (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language learning and technology (pp. 210–222). Routledge.

Hartung, C., Hendry, N. A., Albury, K., Johnston, S., & Welch, R. (2023). Teachers of TikTok: Glimpses and gestures in the performance of professional identity. Media International Australia, 186(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X211068836

Hattem, D., & Lomicka, L. (2016). What the Tweets say: A critical analysis of Twitter research in language learning from 2009 to 2016. E-Learning and Digital Media, 13, 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753016672350

Hawkins, C. M., Hillman, B. J., Carlos, R. C., Rawson, J. V., Haines, R., & Duszak, R. J. (2014). The impact of social media on readership of a peer-reviewed medical journal. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 11(11), 1038–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2014.07.029

Hawksey, M. (2020). Twitter Archiving Google Sheet (TAGS: V6.1.9.1) [Computer software]. Author. https://tags.hawksey.info

Hockly, N. (2017). Researching with technology in ELT. ELT Journal, 71(3), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx019

Holmberg, K., & Thelwall, M. (2014). Disciplinary differences in Twitter scholarly communication. Scientometrics, 101, 1027–1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1229-3

Knight, C. G., & Kaye, L. K. (2016). ‘To tweet or not to tweet?’ A comparison of academics’ and students’ usage of Twitter in academic contexts. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 53(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2014.928229

Krippendorf, K. (2019). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage.

Kupferschmidt, K. (2022). As Musk reshapes Twitter, academics ponder taking flight. Science, 378(6620), 583–584. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf6617

la Velle, L. (2019). The theory-practice nexus in teacher education: New evidence for effective approaches. Journal of Education for Teaching, 45(4), 369–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2019.1639267

Lee, K. K., & Abbott, M. L. (2021). Knowledge co-construction in professional reading group discussions. ELT Journal, 75(4), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccab025

Lemay, D. J., Basnet, R. B., Doleck, T., & Bazelais, P. (2019). Social network analysis of Twitter use during the AERA 2017 annual conference. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 459–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9787-2

Li, J., & Greenhow, C. (2015). Scholars and social media: Tweeting in the conference backchannel for professional learning. Educational Media International, 52(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2015.1005426

Lomicka, L. (2017). Twitter and micro-blogging and language education. In S. Thorne, & S. May (Eds.), Language, education and technology: Encyclopedia of language and education (3rd ed., pp. 401–412). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-02237-6_31

Lord, G., & Lomicka, L. (2014). Twitter as a tool to promote community among language teachers. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 22(2), 187–212. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/49768/

Lordan, R., & Devkota, H. P. (2023). Turbulence at Twitter with leadership change: Implications for health research and science communication. Exploration of Digital Health Technologies, 2023(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.37349/edht.2023.00002

Lupasco, S. (2017). Professional learning and networking stories of Canadian TESL practitioners engaged in #LINCchat [Master’s thesis, The University of Manchester]. British Council/The University of Manchester. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/mda2017_university_of_manchester_svetlana_lupasco.pdf

Malik, A., Heyman-Schrum, C., & Johri, A. (2019). Use of Twitter across educational settings: A review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0166-x

Medgyes, P. (2017). The (ir)relevance of academic research for the language teacher. ELT Journal, 71(4), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx034

Nicholas, B., Avram, A., Chow, J., & Lupasco, S. (2018). Building a community of connected ELT professionals on Twitter. TESL Canada Journal, 35(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.18806/TESL.v35i2.1296

Paran, A. (2017). ‘Only connect’: Researchers and teachers in dialogue. ELT Journal, 71(4), 499–508. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccx033

Park, S. B., Kim, H. J., & Ok, C. M. (2018). Linking emotion and place on Twitter at Disneyland. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(5), 664–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1401508

Potnis, D., & Tahamtan, I. (2021). Hashtags for gatekeeping of information on social media. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(10), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24467

Qian, C., Li, Y., Zuo, W., & Wang, Y. (2020). Analysis of driving safety and cellphone use based on social media. In N. Stanton (Ed.), Advances in human factors of transportation (pp. 521–530). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20503-4_47

Reinhardt, J. (2019). Social media in second and foreign language teaching and learning: Blogs, wikis, and social networking. Language Teaching, 52(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000356

Richter, E., Carpenter, J. P., Meyer, A., & Richter, D. (2022). Instagram as a platform for teacher collaboration and digital social support. Computers & Education, 190, 104624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104624

Rosell-Aguilar, F. (2018). Twitter: A professional development and community of practice tool for teachers. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2018(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.452

Rosenberg, J. M., Greenhalgh, S. P., Koehler, M. J., Hamilton, E. R., & Akcaoglu, M. (2016). An investigation of state educational Twitter hashtags (SETHs) as affinity spaces. E-learning and Digital Media, 13(1–2), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753016672351

Sato, M., & Loewen, S. (2022). The research–practice dialogue in second language learning and teaching: Past, present, and future. The Modern Language Journal, 106(3), 509–527. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12791

Sinnenberg, L., Buttenheim, A. M., Padres, K., Mancheno, C., Ungar, L., & Merchant, R. M. (2017). Twitter as a tool for health research: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303512

Slagoski, J. D. (2019). Professional learning practices and beliefs of an online community of English language teachers. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 19(1), 97–116. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/181934/

Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. M. (2022). In it together: Teachers, researchers, and classroom SLA. The Modern Language Journal, 106(3), 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12792

Stokel-Walker, C. (2023). Twitter changed science – what happens now it’s in turmoil?. Nature, 613, 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04506-6

Sugimoto, C. R., Work, S., Larivière, V., & Haustein, S. (2017). Scholarly use of social media and altmetrics: A review of the literature. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(9), 2037–2062. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23833

Syed, A. (2024, March 28). Elon Musk announces significant changes to X. Here’s what to know. Time. https://time.com/6961456/elon-musk-x-twitter-updates-changes-premium-features/

Twitter. (2020). Privacy policy. https://twitter.com/en/privacy

University of Alberta Research Ethics Office. (2020). Internet research. https://www.ualberta.ca/research/support/ethics-office/human-research-ethics/internet-research

Valero, M. V. (2023). Thousands of scientists are cutting back on Twitter, seeding angst and uncertainty. Nature, 620, 482–484. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02554-0

Veletsianos, G. (2012). Higher education scholars’ participation and practices on Twitter. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(4), 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00449.x

Veletsianos, G., & Kimmons, R. (2016). Scholars in an increasingly open and digital world: How do education professors and students use Twitter? The Internet and Higher Education, 30, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2016.02.002

Visser, R. D., Evering, L. C., & Barrett, D. E. (2014). #Twitterforteachers: The implications of Twitter as a self-directed professional development tool for K-12 teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 46(4), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2014.925694

Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Harvard Business School Press.

Wenger-Trayner, E., & Wenger-Trayner, B. (2015). Introduction to communities of practice: A brief overview of the concept and its uses. https://www.wenger-trayner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/15-06-Brief-introduction-to-communities-of-practice.pdf

Wesely, P. M. (2013). Investigating the community of practice of world language educators on Twitter. Journal of Teacher Education, 64(4), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487113489032

Xue, S., Hu, X., Chi, X., & Zhang, J. (2021). Building an online community of practice through WeChat for teacher professional learning. Professional Development in Education, 47(4), 613–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1647273

Zheng, B., Dallaghan, G. B., Gomez, M., & Holihan, S. (2022). Exploring online participation and discussion in an online professional learning activity on Twitter. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205211072723

Published

2024-06-03

Issue

Section

Articles