A Typology Proposition of Effective Visual Programming Practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28254Keywords:
programming, coding, typology, robots, effective practices, primary schoolAbstract
This article presents the results of a multiple-case study conducted with 18 primary school students in Quebec, Canada. The objective of this study was to propose a typology of effective visual programming practices of primary school students. In addition to offering a detailed portrait of the practices mobilized by the students in this research, we present a typology of visual programming tasks for primary school students based on the literature and on empirical data from the use of a pedagogical scenario which allows students to mobilize their skills by programming a humanoid robot called NAO. This proposal for a comprehensive and adapted typology offers a significant pedagogical potential, whether for the design of pedagogical scenarios mobilizing visual programming in primary education, or for the development of textbooks or pedagogical guides for primary school students or teachers.
References
Aldebaran Robotics. (2014). Choregraphe (version 2.1.4) [logiciel]. Softbank Group.
Blackwell, A. F. (2002, juin). What is programming? Dans J. Kuljis, L. Baldwin et R. Scoble (Eds). Proceedings PPIG 14. 14th Workshop of the Psychology of Programming Interest Group, Londres, Angleterre. https://ppig.org/files/2002-PPIG-14th-blackwell.pdf
Bower, M. (2008, juin). A taxonomy of task types in computing. Dans J. Amillo et C. Laxr, Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education. Madrid, Espagne. https://doi.org/10.1145/1384271.1384346
Chalkiadaki, A. (2018). A systematic literature review of 21st century skills and competencies in primary education. International Journal of Instruction, 11(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.1131a
Fortin, F., & Gagnon, J. (2016). Fondements et étapes du processus de recherche. Méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives (3e éd.). Chenelière éducation.
Forum économique mondial. (2015). New vision for education : Unlocking the potential of technology. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEFUSA_NewVisionforEducation_Report2015.pdf
Forum économique mondial. (2018). Towards a reskilling revolution : A future of jobs for all. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOW_Reskilling_Revolution.pdf
Green, T. R. G., & Petre, M. (1996). Usability analysis of visual programming environments : A « cognitive dimensions » framework. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, 7(2), 131-174. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvlc.1996.0009
Karsenti, T., & Demers, S. (2018). L’étude de cas. Dans T. Karsenti et L. Savoie-Zajc (dir.), La recherche en éducation. Étapes et approches (4e éd., p. 289-316). Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
Karsenti, T., Parent, S., Kerbrat, N., & Bugmann, J. (2019a). Le robot NAO en éducation. Deviens un maître NAO (2e éd.). CRIFPE.
Karsenti, T., Parent, S., Kerbrat, N., & Bugmann, J. (2019b). Le robot NAO en éducation. Guide de l’élève (3e éd.). CRIFPE.
Komis, V., & Misirli, A. (2011, octobre). Robotique pédagogique et concepts préliminaires de la programmation à l'école maternelle: une étude de cas basée sur le jouet programmable Bee-Bot. Dans G.-L. Baron, É. Bruillard et V. Komis, Actes du quatrième colloque international DIDAPRO. Colloque international DIDAPRO 4, Patras, Grèce. https://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00676143/
Lai, A.-F., & Yang, S.-M. (2011, septembre). The learning effect of visualized programming learning on 6th graders’ problem solving and logical reasoning abilities. Dans F. Dong, Proceedings - 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering. International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), Yichang, Chine. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECENG.2011.6056908
LeCompte, M. D., & Preissle, J. (1993). Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research. Academic Press.
Lee, M., Yun, J. J., Pyka, A., Won, D., Kodama, F., Schiuma, G., Park, H., Jeon, J., Park, K., Jung, K., Yan, M.-R., Lee, S., & Zhao, X. (2018). How to respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Second Information Technology Revolution? Dynamic new combinations between technology, market, and society through open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation. Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4030021
Ministère de l’Éducation. (2020). L’usage pédagogique de la programmation informatique. http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/ministere/Usage-pedagogique-programmation-informatique.pdf
Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. (2018). Plan d’action numérique en éducation et en enseignement supérieur. http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/ministere/PAN_Plan_action_VF.pdf
Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. (2019). Cadre de référence de la compétence numérique. http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/ministere/continuum-cadre-reference-num.pdf
Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. (2020). Indices de défavorisation des écoles publiques. http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/references/indicateurs-et-statistiques/indices-de-defavorisation/
Noh, J., & Lee, J. (2020). Effects of robotics programming on the computational thinking and creativity of elementary school students. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 463-484. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09708-w
Nugent, G., Barker, B., Grandgenett, N., & Adamchuk, V. (2009, 18-21 octobre). The use of digital manipulatives in k-12: robotics, GPS/GIS and programming. 39th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in education conference, Texas, États-Unis.
Paillé, P., & Mucchielli, A. (2005). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales. Armand Colin.
Parent, S. (2021). La programmation informatique à l’école primaire : pratiques effectives de programmation et mobilisation d’habiletés de résolution collaborative de problèmes (RCP) [thèse de doctorat, Université de Montréal]. Papyrus. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25874
Pires, A. P. (1997). Échantillonnage de recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique. Dans J. Poupart, L.-H. Groulx, J.-P. Deslauriers, A. Laperrière, R. Mayer et A. P. Pires (dir.), La recherche qualitative. Enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques (p. 113-167). Gaëtan Morin.
QSR International. (2020). NVivo 12 (version 12.6.0) [logiciel]. QSR International.
RÉPAQ. (2020). Portrait de l’école alternative. Réseau des écoles publiques alternatives du Québec. https://repaq.org/portrait/
Romero, M. (2017). Les compétences pour le xxie siècle. Dans M. Romero, B. Lille et A. Patiño (dir.), Usages créatifs du numérique pour l’apprentissage au xxie siècle. Presses de l’Université du Québec.
Romero, M., Lepage, A., & Lille, B. (2017). Computational thinking development through creative programming in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), art. 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0080-z
Romero, M., & Vallerand, V. (2016). Guide d’activités technocréatives pour les enfants du 21e siècle. CoCreaTIC.
Ruf, A., Berges, M., & Hubwieser, P. (2015, septembre). Classification of Programming Tasks According to Required Skills and Knowledge Representation. Dans A. Brodnik et J. Vahrenhold, Informatics in Schools. Curricula, Competences, and Competitions. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 8th International Conference on Informatics in Schools: Situation, Evolution, and Perspectives (ISSEP), Ljubljana, Slovénie. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25396-1_6
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage Publications.
Turski, W. M. (1978). Computer programming methodology. London.
van der Maren, J.-M. (2004). Méthodes de recherche pour l’éducation (2e éd.). Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1934). Thought and language. M.I.T. Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1997). Pensée et langage. La Dispute.
Wei, X., Lin, L., Meng, N., Tan, W., & Kong, S.-C. (2021). The effectiveness of partial pair programming on elementary school students’ computational thinking skills and self-efficacy. Computers & Education, 160, art. 104023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104023
Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of child psychology psychiatry, 17(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Simon Parent
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an International Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC-BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work for non-commercial purposes, with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
